Senin, 13 Desember 2010

Paradigm Nursing

Paradigm

The paradigm is the way how we perceive the world, (Adam Smith, 1975) or according to Ferguson that the paradigm is the paradigm in understanding and explaining certain aspects of any reality.Paradigm will help a person or society at large to understand the world to us and help us to understand every phenomenon that happens around us, no win no fee in this life.

Paradigm NursingThe paradigm of nursing according to Masterman, 1970 is a fundamental view about issues in a branch of science.The paradigm of nursing according to Gaffar, 1997, is a fundamental point of view or the way we see, think, give meaning, mmenyikapi and choose tindakanterhadap various phenomena that exist in nursing. Thus the paradigm of nursing serves as a reference or basis in carrying out the nature of professional nursing practice, that does not mean there are no win no fee in the fight against disease.


Nursing Paradigm Component:
1. Human
2. Health
3. Nursing Environment


1. Human
Human beings are bio - psycho - social and spiritual whole, in a sense is an integral part of the physical and spiritual aspects as well as unique because it has a variety of needs according to developmental level (the Consortium of Health Sciences, 1992).
Humans are open systems that constantly interact regularly with the external environment and always strive always to balance its internal state (homeoatatis), (Kozier, 2000).Humans have a reasonable idea, feeling, unity of body and soul, able to adapt and is a unity of interacting systems, interrelation and interdependence (La Ode Jumadi, 1999: 40).
Thus, the concept of man according to the paradigm of nursing is a human being as an open system, adaptive systems, personal and interpersonal skills to be generally holistic or whole. As an open system, humans can influence and be influenced by their environment, both physical environment, biological, psychological and social and spiritual so that changes to humans will always occur, especially in fulfilling their basic needs, no win no fee in the fight against the disease should be ruled out.
As the human adaptive system will respond to changes in their environment and will show an adaptive response and the response maladaptif. Adaptive response will occur if humans are to have good coping mechanisms to face changes in their environment, but if the ability to respond to environmental changes that occur lower then the man will show behaviors that maladaptif.Man or clients can be interpreted as individuals, families or communities who receive nursing care.


 Man as an individual means a person who has a character totally making it different from other people (Karen, 2000). Man as an individual called the people who have personality and emotions include behavior include attitudes, habits, beliefs, values - values, motivations, capabilities, appearance and physical structures that differ from one another. 
Combined all this will affect someone in the way of thinking, feeling and acting in different situations in the face it. The individual is a combination of genetic interactions with her life experiences are influenced by self-identity, self-concept, perception, basic needs, self-defense mechanism and grow flowers.The role of nurses in the individual as the client is meeting the basic needs include the needs of biological, social, psychological and spiritual because of the physical and mental weakness, lack of knowledge, lack of willingness to independence of patients rather than with the concept of no win no fee in the fight against disease.


 The family is closely related group of individuals who continually and there is interaction with each other, either individually or together - together, in their own environment and society as a whole.


There are several reasons why the family is one focus of nursing services, namely:
1. The family is the primary unit in society and an institution which involves people's lives.
2. The family as a group can cause or prevent, fix or ignore health problems within their own group. Almost every health problem from start to completion will be influenced by the family.
3. Health problems in family related. Disease in one family member will affect all members of the family.
4. In treating clients as individuals, families remain as decision making in treatment.
5. The family as an effective intermediary in various public health efforts.In providing nursing care in family caregivers need to pay attention to nature - the nature of the family that the family has a unique reaction and how to deal with the problem, the pattern adopted for communication, decision making, attitudes, values, ideals - ideals of family and family lifestyles are different - different Individuals in the family has a growth cycle.


The role of nurses in helping families improve the ability to solve health problems is a nurse as detection of health problems, give care to sick family members, family health services coordinator, facilitator, educator and adviser to families in trouble - the views of health problems including no win no fee in this life against the disease.


 Society is a group of humans in the broadest sense and are bound by a culture they consider the same.Community influence on the increase and the prevention of a disease. There are six factors influence the health of the community or community members of the community is that the availability of health care facilities, facilities dominated education and recreation, transportation and communication facilities, social facilities such as police and firefighters as well as values and beliefs of society views no win no fee in this life against disease .Health services in this community can take the form of services to the general public and groups - certain groups (children and elderly).

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